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19th September 2017
10:28am BST
Children were either praised for being smart or for their performance, while the control group wasn’t praised at all – the poor little sods.
All were asked to promise not to cheat, but when researchers left the room and there was only a hidden camera to see what shenanigans were materialising, both ages – three and five-year-olds – who were praised for their smarts were spotted cheating.
The research builds on previous work by Stanfords Professor Carol Dweck, which showed that praising ability rather than effort or behaviour can reduce a child’s ability to deal with setbacks or failure.
This study however, showed this moral dimension is seen at an even younger age, during preschool and kindergarden.
Co-author Gail Heyman said,
“It’s common and natural to tell children how smart they are. Even when parents and educators know that it harms kids’ achievement motivation, it’s still easy to do. What our study shows is that the harm can go beyond normal motivation and extend to the moral domain. It makes a child more willing to cheat in order to do well.”
The researchers believe that being showered with praise due to ability is linked to performance pressure which results in kids doing whatever they think they have to in order to gain that praise again. Feel pressure to do well, living up to expectations.
Co-author Kang Lee, from the University of Toronto’s Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, pointed out,
“We want to encourage children. We want them to feel good about themselves. But these studies show we must learn to give children the right kinds of praise, such as praising specific behavior. Only in this way will praise have the intended positive outcomes.”
