Researchers from the UK and China used genetic analysis to look into the connection between depression and dysmenorrhea, the medical term for painful period cramps.
The study revealed a potential link, as those with depression were 51% more likely to experience period pain compared to those without depression.
The findings suggest depression might cause period pain, rather than being a result of it.
“Our findings provide preliminary evidence that depression may be a cause, rather than a consequence, of dysmenorrhea as we did not find evidence that period pain increased the risk of depression,” said lead author Shuhe Liu, a PhD student at Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University.
Using data from European and Asian populations, the researchers looked at genetic variants linked with both depression and dysmenorrhea.
They identified specific genetic markers that may contribute to both conditions, pointing to shared biological pathways that link mental health and menstrual health.
This discovery bolsters the argument that depression and menstrual pain are interconnected at a biological level, rather than being isolated issues.
The study also investigated other factors, like sleep disturbances, body mass index (BMI), and endometriosis, which might influence the relationship between depression and period pain.
Sleep issues also came out as a significant contributor: “We found that increased sleep disturbances could exacerbate menstrual pain,” Liu explained.
“Addressing sleep issues may therefore be crucial in managing both conditions.”
However, Liu warned that the relationship between genetics, environmental factors, and diseases is complex and needs further research.
The researchers hope their findings will pave the way for improved treatment and understanding of these conditions.
“We hope this can lead to more personalised treatment options, improved healthcare, and reduced stigma surrounding the conditions,” Liu said.
