Gestational diabetes: Signs, symptoms and treatments

Aisling Keenan

a pregnant woman taking a gestational diabetes blood test at home

Gestational diabetes, a condition that can occur during pregnancy, is something expectant parents should stay informed about.

Understanding the signs, symptoms, and treatments for gestational diabetes is essential for a healthy pregnancy.

Signs and symptoms

Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that develops during pregnancy. It occurs when the body cannot produce enough insulin to meet the increased needs, leading to elevated blood sugar levels. While some women with gestational diabetes may not experience noticeable symptoms, others may exhibit signs that should prompt further evaluation. Here are some common signs and symptoms:

Increased thirst: Excessive thirst, known as polydipsia, may be experienced due to elevated blood sugar levels.
Frequent urination: Polyuria, or frequent urination, can be a result of the body’s attempt to remove excess sugar through the urine.
Fatigue: Feeling more tired than usual is a common symptom, as the body struggles to process sugar for energy effectively.
Increased hunger: Some women may experience an increase in appetite, even if they are eating adequately.
Blurred vision: High blood sugar levels can cause temporary changes in vision, leading to blurred vision.
Recurrent infections: Gestational diabetes can weaken the immune system, making pregnant women more susceptible to infections, especially urinary tract infections (UTIs).
Excessive weight gain: Gaining more weight during pregnancy than recommended can be an indicator, especially if it is associated with other symptoms.

Treatment

The good news is that gestational diabetes can often be managed effectively through lifestyle changes and medical interventions. Treatment strategies are designed to help regulate blood sugar levels, promoting a healthy pregnancy and reducing the risk of complications. Here are some key treatments and strategies:

Blood sugar monitoring: Expectant mothers with gestational diabetes are typically asked to monitor their blood sugar levels regularly. This is usually done through finger-prick blood tests.
Dietary changes: A balanced diet that controls carbohydrate intake is crucial. A midwife or obstetrician can help design a personalised meal plan that works for you and your baby.
Regular physical activity: Staying active is beneficial for managing gestational diabetes. It helps your body use insulin more effectively and can regulate blood sugar levels. Discuss an exercise plan with your healthcare provider.
Insulin or medication: In some cases, diet and exercise alone may not be sufficient. Insulin injections or oral medications may be prescribed to help control blood sugar levels.
Frequent check-ups: Regular prenatal visits are essential. Your healthcare provider will monitor your health and the baby’s well-being, making necessary adjustments to your treatment plan.

Coping with GD

Managing gestational diabetes can be challenging, but it’s important for a healthy pregnancy. Here are some strategies for coping with this condition:

Educate yourself: Learn as much as you can about gestational diabetes. Understanding the condition empowers you to make informed decisions about your diet and lifestyle.
Lean on support: Share your concerns with your healthcare provider, partner, and support network. Emotional support is invaluable during this time.
Monitor regularly: Stay on top of blood sugar monitoring and keep a log. This helps you and your healthcare provider track your progress and make necessary adjustments to your treatment plan.
Meal planning: Focus on a balanced diet with portion control. Meal planning and tracking your food intake can help maintain stable blood sugar levels.
Stay active: Incorporate safe physical activity into your daily routine. Even a 30-minute walk can make a significant difference in blood sugar control.

If you suspect you have gestational diabetes or experience any of the signs and symptoms mentioned, consult your healthcare provider. Early detection and effective management are vital to ensuring a healthy pregnancy for both you and your baby. Remember that gestational diabetes can often be well-managed with the right strategies, allowing you to enjoy a safe and successful pregnancy.